The German National Registry of Primary Immunodeficiencies (2012-2017)

Introduction: The German PID-NET registry was founded in 2009, serving as the first national registry of patients with primary immunodeficiencies (PID) in Germany. It is part of the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID) registry. The primary purpose of the registry is to gather data on the epidemiology, diagnostic delay, diagnosis, and treatment of PIDs. Methods: Clinical and laboratory data was collected from 2,453 patients from 36 German PID centres in an online registry. Data was analysed with the software Stata® and Excel. Results: The minimum prevalence of PID in Germany is 2.72 per 100,000 inhabitants. Among patients aged 1–25, there was a clear predominance of males. The median age of living patients ranged between 7 and 40 years, depending on the respective PID. Predominantly antibody disorders were the most prevalent group with 57% of all 2,453 PID patients (including 728 CVID patients). A gene defect was identified in 36% of patients. Familial cases were observed in 21% of patients. The age of onset for presenting symptoms ranged from birth to late adulthood (range 0–88 years). Presenting symptoms comprised infections (74%) and immune dysregulation (22%). Ninety-three patients were diagnosed without prior clinical symptoms. Regarding the general and clinical diagnostic delay, no PID had undergone a slight decrease within the last decade. However, both, SCID and hyper IgE- syndrome showed a substantial improvement in shortening the time between onset of symptoms and genetic diagnosis. Regarding treatment, 49% of all patients received immunoglobulin G (IgG) substitution (70%—subcutaneous; 29%—intravenous; 1%—unknown). Three-hundred patients underwent at least one hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Five patients had gene therapy. Conclusion: The German PID-NET registry is a precious tool for physicians, researchers, the pharmaceutical industry, politicians, and ultimately the patients, for whom the outcomes will eventually lead to a more timely diagnosis and better treatment

Programming the Home and Enterprise WiFi with OpenSDWN

The quickly growing demand for wireless networks and the numerous application-specific requirements stand in stark contrast to today's inflexible management and operation of WiFi networks. In this paper, we present and evaluate OpenSDWN, a novel WiFi architecture based on an SDN/NFV approach. OpenSDWN exploits datapath programmability to enable service differentiation and fine-grained transmission control, facilitating the prioritization of critical applications. OpenSDWN implements per-client virtual access points and per-client virtual middleboxes, to render network functions more flexible and support mobility and seamless migration. OpenSDWN can also be used to out-source the control over the home network to a participatory interface or to an Internet Service Provider

SecuSpot: Toward cloud-assisted secure multi-tenant WiFi hotspot infrastructures

Despite the increasing popularity ofWiFi networks and the trend toward automated offloading of cellular traffic to WiFi (e.g., HotSpot 2.0), today's WiFi networks still provide a very poor actual coverage: a WiFi equipped device can typically connect to the Internet only through a very small fraction of the "available" access points. Accordingly, there is an enormous potential for multi-tenant WiFi hotspot architectures, which however also introduce more stringent requirements in terms of scalability and security. The latter is particularly critical, as HotSpots are often deployed in untrusted environments, e.g., physically accessible Access Points deployed in the user's premises (e.g., FON) or cafes. This paper proposes a Cloud-assisted multi-tenant and secure WiFi HotSpot infrastructure, called SecuSpot. SecuSpot is based on a modular access point and features interesting deployment flexibilities. These flexibilities can be exploited, e.g., to move security critical f unctions to the Cloud, and hence prevent eavesdropping even when deployed across untrusted Access Points. At the heart of SecuSpot lies a novel programmable wireless switch, the wSwitch. The wSwitch allows to (de-)multiplex the different tenants already on the HotSpot and to decouple essential security functions (association, authentication, and cryptography)